普通话音节数及载字量的统计分析——基于《现代汉语词典》注音材料

A statistic analysis of the counts of Putonghua syllables and the distribution of characters among syllables: A case study of the phonetic notation materials in The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary (《现代汉语词典》)

《现汉》的字目注音是一份反映现代汉语真实读音的宝贵材料,为概括普通话音节系统提供了扎实基础。本文用统计的方法,对所有的单字注音进行了分声调音节与不分声调音节的统计,从而清楚显示普通话音节的构成情况。还对音节载字量的平均数、最高数、分布状况做出了描绘。提出了从辞书注音材料概括普通话音节系统的三个原则:1.恪守断代、共时的原则。2.反映独立的音节系统,要有独立、静态、系统的特点。3.反映普通话声、韵、调的搭配规律。

The phonetic notations of the entry characters in The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary constitute a collection of valuable materials reflecting the real pronunciation of today's Chinese,which lays a solid foundation for summarizing the syllabic system of Putonghua.This paper provides statistics of syllables with and without tones in the phonetic notations of single-character entries to display Putonghua's syllabic system and describe the average count,maximum count,and distribution of Chinese characters among syllables.This paper also provides three principles in summarizing Putonghua's syllabic system from the phonetic notation materials of the dictionary:1) Sticking to synchronic research based on the segmentation of historical periods;2) Reflecting the distinet features of being autonomous,static and systematic as an syllabic system;3)Displaying the matching laws of initials,finals and tones.