枣树雄性不育新种质的获得

Acquirement of New Male Sterile Germplasm of Chinese Jujube

通过测定花粉生活力、花粉量并结合解剖学观察,首次从枣树自然群体中鉴定得到了1个黄蕾无花粉的雄性不育材料枣雄性不育1号。在雄性不育1号花粉发育过程中可见四分体,之后小孢子聚集解体,至黄蕾期花药空囊或仅留花粉残迹,其花粉败育发生在四分体以后。四分体时期绒毡层肥大增厚可能与花粉败育有关。雄性不育1号胚中度可育、大果和早熟,可以作为枣树杂交育种中有价值的母本材料。

A new male sterile material of Chinese jujube （Ziziphus jujuba Mill. ） was identified from natural population for the first time by test of pollen vitality and number and anatomy studies. The material without normal pollen in yellow buds was named Male Sterile 1 of Chinese jujube （ JMS1 ）. Microspore massed and became disaggregated after tetrads during pollen development of JMS1. Then anthers became empty, or only pollen vestiges remained in yellow bud. So the pollen became abortive after tetrads. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of tapetum at tetrads stage were related to pollen abortion. In view of its middle fertility of embryo, big fruit, and early mature, JMS1 could be used as a worthful female parent in the hybridization breeding of Chinese jujube.