从土家语保存的现状看非物质文化的抢救——土家语区访谈摘录

Discussion on the Resource of Non-material Cultural Heritage from the Status quo of Tujia Language

目前土家族的总人口已超过八百万,但会说土家语的不足五万,其中湖南龙山县约有四万人会说土家语,其余各地总数不到一万。龙山县的土家语均保留较好,特别是坡脚、靛房、它砂一带,小孩多以土家语为母语,保存率也十分完美。湘西州的永顺、保靖、古丈、泸溪四县,目前虽尚存少数土家语社区,但都在迅速地淡化、消失。特别是泸溪的budzu村,代表土家语南方方言区,正面临消亡的危险。至于湖北恩施州以南四县和张家界都只有少数人会说土家语,不能形成土家语社区了,除以上地区外均无人会说土家语了。

Although the total population of Tujia nationality in china has exceeded 8 millions, the total number of native Tujia speakers has reduced to less than 50,000. Most of them inhabit Longshan county, Hunan province, about 40,000. The other 10,000 disperse in other regions of central-south china. Among those Tujia nationality habitat regions, only in Longshan county the Tujia language is well protected. In towns such as Pojiao, Dianfang and Tasha in Longshan county, children still use Tujia language as their mother language. In other Tujia habitat counties, such as Yongshun, Baojing, Guzhang and Luxi of Xiangxi autonomous prefecture, those scanty Tujia language communities are in the process of dying away. Especially, in Budzu village of Luxi county, the typical community of southern Tujia language, Tujia language is on the edge of vanishing. In addition, in other regions, such as Enshi autonomous prefecture and Zhangjiajie city, only few individuals can still speak Tujia, and Tujia language communities cannot be formed. In actual, Tujia language communities have disappeared in those regions. And in other regions of central-south china, no people can still speak native Tujia language now.