近代的会与匪——以广东为例

The Relationship Between Secret Societies and Bandits in Modern China： Taking Guangdong for Instance

秘密会社与盗匪是两个不同的概念，在晚清文献中常能见到的“会匪”一词，是晚清以来会党“匪化”与盗匪“会党化”的结果，也是统治者渲染的结果。会匪可以看作一种新型的反社会秩序的力量。它出现的历史反映着，随着秘密会社的“蜕化”、“匪化”，存在于基层社会的非血缘组织，演变为一种原有地方秩序的破坏力量，并因组织的跨地域性，使地方社会的混乱更难以控制。清末民初广东盗匪权势的出现就是典型的例子。

＂Secret society＂ （Hui） is a different concept from ＂bandit＂ （fei）, but the two were mingled together as ＂Hui - fei＂ in the literature of the late Qing Dynasty. This is because secret societies tended to turn into bandits and bandits were frequently organized as secret societies at the time. Thus the phenomenon was termed by the ruling class as ＂hui -fei＂ ＂Hui - fei＂ can be regarded as a new type of strength against the civil order. With the combination between secret societies and bandits, the local society is further out of control. The appearance of bandits＇ power in Guangdong Province during late Qing and the early Republican period is a typical example.