油田回注水中硫酸盐还原原核生物的快速检测和群落结构分析

Detection of SRPs in Injection Water of Shenli Oil Field by FISH

利用荧光原位杂交(Fluorescencein situhybridization,FISH)技术,采用荧光标记的rRNA探针及其组合对胜利油田胜利采油厂回注水中硫酸盐还原原核生物(Sulfate reducing prokaryotes,SRPs,包括硫酸盐还原细菌和硫酸盐还原古菌)进行检测,分析了该回注水中SRPs群落结构.结果表明:SRPs在胜利油田回注水中具有极高的种群多样性,广泛分布于4个细菌门和1个古菌门;总数可达2.86×104个/mL,占回注水中总微生物细胞的20%左右;其中优势菌属为脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)和脱硫肠状菌属(Desulfotomaculum),分别占回注水微生物总细胞数的8.71%(±4.45%),和12.15%(±3.90%).Desulfobacterales和Syntrophobacterales这2个目中的SRPs,Thermodesulfobacteriales以及Thermodesulfovibro属的SRPs分别占样品微生物总量的7.59%(±2.92%),3.57%(±1.39%)和2.32%(±0.80%).除此之外,也检测到了占微生物总量4.29%(±1.75%)的Archaeoglobus属的SRPs,证明了古菌类SRPs是回注水中一个不容忽视的硫酸盐还原微生物种群.FISH法能够快速、准确地检测回注水中SRPs数量,解析SRPs群落结构.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） with 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes was applied for analyzing the structure of sulfate reducing prokaryotes （SRPs） community in injection water of Shengli Oil Field. Eight probes and their various combinations were used to detect SRPs in the water. Results showed SRPs detected in the water were diverse, which followed in 4 bacterial phyla and 1 arehaeal phylum. Total amount of SRPs was 2.86 × 10^4 cells/mL, accounting for 20% of total cells of microorganisms in the water of the Oil Field. Desulfovibrio and Desulfotomaculum cells were about 8.71% （ ± 4.45% ） and 12.15 % （ ± 3.90 % ） of the total microbial cells respectively, being dominant in the water. The relative amounts of SRPs belonging to Desulfobacterales and Syntrophobaeterales, Therrnodesulfobacteriales, and Thermodesulfbvibro to total microbial cells in the water were 7.59 % （ ± 2.92 % ）, 3.57 % （ ± 1.39 % ） and 2.32 % （± 0.80 % ） respectively. In addition, SRPs belonging to Archaeoglobus were also detected with the amount of 4.29% （±1.75% ） of total microbial cells, which tells that archeal SRPs are also very important sulfate reducing microorganisms in the injection water of oil field.