父母接受健康教育对儿童行为问题的影响

Effect of Intervention Aiming at Parents Rearing Practice on the Development of Behavior Problem of Toddlers

目的:分析父母接受健康教育与否对2岁儿童行为发育的影响。方法:应用《Achenbach 2- 3岁儿童行为调查表(家长问卷)》及相关背景问卷,对项目社区310例2岁儿童母亲进行调查,同时选取 191例2岁儿童的母亲作为对照组。结果:项目组儿童行为偏离检出率为48．7％,低于对照组的62．8％(X2 =9．49,P<0．01);项目组比对照组有较多比例的母亲采取积极养育行为,包括在孩子会说话前即开始经常与孩子说活(93．9％及91．3％,X2=3．85,P<0．05)、经常与孩子玩耍(80．7％及70．7％,X2=20．36,P <0．01)、给孩子讲故事(90．8％及85．5％,X2=10．60,P<0．01)、指导孩子独立做事情(91．9％及 85．9％,X2=4．68,P<0．05)、当孩子学会1个本领时立即表扬(78．0％及73．6％,X2=3．82,P<0．05); 经常与孩子说话、知道孩子不高兴的原因、给孩子提供较多的图画书、指导孩子独立做事情等与儿童行为偏离呈负相关(r=-0．16--0．26);孩子哭闹时对孩子发火、父母管教态度有分歧、经常体罚孩子等与儿童行为偏离呈正相关(r=0．12-0．33)。结论:父母养育行为是影响儿童行为问题得分的因素之一。社区干预在一定程度上改善了父母养育行为,进而减少了项目社区儿童行为偏离的发生。

Objective： To study the effect of intervention aiming at parents on development of behavioral problem of children aged 2 years. Methods： Using retrospective design, 310 parents in project communities were investigate with Achenbach children＇s behavior checklist （CBCL, China urban version ） and correlating background questionnaire. The control group contains 191 parents from those communities with the same social economic status and health care service. Results： The prevalence of behavioral problem of toddlers in project communities was 48. 7%, which was lower than that in control ones （ 62. 8%, x^2 = 9. 49, P 〈 0. 01 ） . More mothers used active rearing practices in project communities than that in control ones, such as talking with child before they can speak （93. 9% and 91.3%, x^2 = 3.85, P 〈 0. 05 ）, often playing with child （ 80. 7% and 70. 7%, x^2 = 20. 36, P 〈 0. 01 ）, telling story （ 90. 8% and 85.5 %, x^2 = 10. 60, P 〈 0. 01 ）, instructing child to do things by himself （ 91.9% and 85.9%, x^2 = 4. 68, P 〈0. 05 ）, praising child when he to acquire a skill （78.0% and 73. 6%, x^2 =3.82, P 〈0. 05 ） and so on. Mother behaviors such as often talking with child, knowing why child was unhappy, providing enough pictures and books, instructing child to do things by himself were negative correlating with behavioral problem （r = -0. 16～-0. 26） . Getting angry when child cried, inconsistency of rearing method between mother and father, corporal punishment were positive correlating with behavioral problem （r = 0. 12 ～ 0. 33 ） . Conclusion： Parental rearing behavior was one of the important factors influencing the scores of child problem behavior in both project communities and control ones. In some extent, the community intervention aiming at parents have changed parental rearing practices and hence decreased the prevalence of behavioral problem in toddlers.