我国旅行社市场的进入悖论与旅行社企业的“套中套黑箱定价”模型

On the Paradox of the Market Access into China's Travel Service Market and theBlack-Box Pricing Pattern of Travel Service Enterprises

我国旅行社市场的恶性竞争,一直是旅游学界十分关注的研究领域。许多研究者认为,这是旅行社市场门槛过低,使得企业数量进入过度造成。但是本文研究发现,旅行社市场存在一个进入的悖论,即市场的企业进入与盈利水平呈反向变动的趋势。这种市场进入与盈利的变动趋势,不符合市场竞争的一般规律。经过研究,本文提出一个旅行社企业的定价模型,作者称之为“套中套黑箱定价”模型。通过这个定价模型,我们可以比较合理地解释旅行社市场存在的这种市场悖论现象,并揭示了旅行社市场表面竞争,实际上仍然属于垄断的事实,而这种垄断造成了对社会福利的损害。

The cutthroat competition in China＇s travel service market has always been a noticeable research area among tourism circle. Many researchers hold the view that this phenomenon results from easy access into travel service market. However,this study finds that there exists a paradox of market access into travel service market;i. e., a trend of reverse change between market access and profit level. This trend does not conform with the regulation of market competition. After study,the paper puts forward a price-fixing model for travel service enterprises, called by the author as Black-Box Pricing Pattern. Through this model, we can more reasonably explain this kind of phenomenon. It discloses that the superficial competition in travel service market is in essence a kind of monopoly, which will bring about damage to social benefit.