青藏高原地球物理研究中几个重要问题之我见

Geophysical research on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and discussion on some related problems

青藏高原的地球物理研究是深化认识高原本体和东亚壳、幔结构、隆升机制和大陆动力学响应的基础,故为中、外地球科学家们所瞩目。主要讨论以下3个方面问题,即问题的提出与背景;当今青藏高原地球物理研究中的核心科学问题;当前地球物理学要做些什么。研究结果表明,第一,在青藏高原地球物理研究中只有在清晰思路指导下取得高分辨率的数据才能反演,并刻画其壳、幔的精细结构;第二,青藏高原壳、幔结构存在分区特征,特别是地壳低速层、力学作用、深部物质运移、多要素约束下的物理-数学模拟及陆-陆碰撞动力学响应进行量化研究;第三,当今在青藏高原地球物理研究的核心问题是地球内部物质和能量的交换、圈层耦合及其深层动力过程。中国地球科学家们应当清晰地认识到,青藏高原地球物理研究乃是中国地球科学家摘取“桂冠”的一个契机,必须走自主创新之路,建立起具有中国地质科学特色的理论和模型。

Geophysical studies of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau provide the basis for a better understanding of the structure of the crust and mantle, uplift mechanisms and continental dynamics not only of the Plateau but also of Eastern Asia. Hence, these studies have focused the attention of geoscientists both domestic and worldwide. This paper discusses the following three points： 1） Putting forward problems and related backgrounds; 2） Core problems in the geophysical research on the Plateau; and 3） Guidelines for today＇s geophysical works in Tibet. I suggest that： （1） Only high resolution seismic data based on clear scientific basis can be used for inversion to obtain fine structure of the crust and the upper mantle. （2） The structures of the crust and the upper mantle are characterized by distinct zoning（a kind of quadrantal distribution）. Quantitative studies of the low velocity layer, the effects of force system, the motion of deep material, the physical and mathematical sim ulations that are controlled by multiple factors, and the dynamical responses of continental collisions are needed. （3） Substance and energy exchanges between different crust and upper mantle layers and deep dynamic processes within the Earth are core problems in geophysical research. We ought to understand that the geo physical investigations in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are important achievements and provide world recognition of Chinese geoscientists.