电动汽车驱动电机和传动系统的参数匹配

Matching of Motor and Powertrain Parameters of Electric Vehicle

探讨了电动汽车传动系统的传动比和挡位数确定原则,指出电动机额定功率或转矩、转速必须与传动系统参数合理匹配.并以某型号电动汽车为研究对象,计算并分析了五挡手动变速器中两个挡位,即二挡和三挡的驱动力-行驶阻力平衡图,提出了去掉笨重的机械齿轮变速器而代之以固定速比减速器的单挡驱动传动方案,理论上可以减轻整车质量,增加续驶里程.应用电动汽车仿真软件Advanced Vehicle Simulator(ADVISOR)对整车动力性和续驶里程进行了仿真,初步验证了文中提出的传动系统参数确定原则和方法的正确性.

The determining principles of the transmission ratio and the block number of electric vehicle are discussed in this paper. It is discovered that the rated power/torque and the rotating speed of the motor must match the parameters of powertrain. With a type of electric vehicle as the research object, the charts describing the balance between the driving force and the obstruction force are presented and then analyzed by the calculations of the second and the third gearshifts of a manual five-gear transmission. Based on the charts, a single gearshift driving scheme with the heavier mechanical gear transmission being replaced by the constant-ratio one is proposed. Theoretically, the gross mass is lightened and the driving range is increased by the proposed scheme. The gross mass and the driving range of the electric vehicle are finally simulated using the dynamic simulation software of Advanced Vehicle Simulator （ADVISOR）. The correctness of the proposed principles and methods for determining powertrain parameters is thus verified.