豆类丝核菌次级代谢产物对动植物细胞损害作用的对比

The Contrast of The Damage to Animal and Plant Cell by Secondary Metabolites of Rhizoctonia leguminicola

目的探索豆类丝核菌或其次级代谢产物的动植物损害在细胞生物学上的作用,为苦马豆素(swainsonine,SW)的毒理学研究提供新的思路。方法通过制作豆类丝核菌次级代谢产物污染的饲料和人工污染豆类丝核菌饲料,饲喂家兔17d,剖检家兔并取其脑、肝脏、肾脏等组织分别进行病理组织学和电镜观察;并将不同浓度的次级代谢产物和不同株的豆类丝核菌分别污染回接的绿豆,待84h培养后,进行组织学和电镜观察。结果在对动植物细胞损害作用中,豆类丝核菌次级代谢产物使家兔脑组织和淋巴细胞呈现空泡变性,神经细胞核糖体脱颗粒,粗面内质网扩张等变化;同时还能使植物根部组织结构受损,细胞呈现空泡变性,内膜破裂等变化。结论豆类丝核菌引起的动物中毒作用主要是其次级代谢产物中SW发挥毒性,且同疯草中毒引起的病理变化基本一致;菌株对植物根部的致病性与其次级代谢产物中SW含量呈正相关。即推测,SW很有可能不仅是动物豆类丝核菌中毒的主要毒素,而且是豆科植物丝核菌病中细胞损害的主要化学物质。

[Objective] The damage effect and cellular biological relationship of animal and plant cell by Rhizoctonia leguminicola and its secondary metabolites was studied. All these can provide new thoughtfulness for the study on toxicology. [ Method ] The Rhizoctonia leguminicola and the secondary metabolites of Rhizoctonia leguminicola were interfused into feedingstuff of the rabbit, and these rabbits were fed for 17 days, then the rabbits were killed and pathological obserbvation of brain, liver, kidney was carried out under optical microscope and TEM. [Result] In the experiment of the damage effects of cells from animal and plant body by the secondary metabolites of Rhizoctonia leguminicola, the rabbit brain and lymphocyte showed vacuolar degeneration, and the granule of ribosome was broken off in neurocyte, and also expressed dilatation of RER. And the plant root tissue expressed the structural damage, and the cell showed vacuolar degeneration and breach of the inner membrane. [ Conclusion ] These results show that the reason of poisoning of Rhizoctonia leguminicola to animal is that SW in the secondary metabolites bring into important play, and this effect is identical with locoweed toxicosis basically. The damage of the plant cell had positive correlation with the content of SW in the the secondary metabolites of Rhizoctonia leguminicola. It is suspected that SW is not only a kind of important toxin in the toxicosis of animal, but also a sort of chemical substance in the cell damage of legume plant.