安徽九华山仙寓山和牯牛降茶园土壤质量的比较

Comparison with the Quality of the Soils of Tea Gardens of Jiuhuashan, Guniujiang and Xianyushan in Anhui Province

2003—2005年,对安徽省九华山、仙寓山和牯牛降茶园土壤的物理性质、pH值、养分和含水量量进行了比较与研究,结果表明:九华山、仙寓山和牯牛降茶园的成土母质主要是由花岗岩、页岩发育而成,茶园土壤多为壤土,土壤容重0￣40cm为1.22g/cm3,土壤总孔隙度48.6%,土壤肥沃,土层深厚;土层中有机质平均含量为28.32g/kg,全氮含量1.46g/kg,碱解氮含量为110.12mg/kg,速效磷含量11.48mg/kg,属于丰富范围,而速效钾含量只有73.55mg/kg。0￣20cm土壤的pH值平均为4.77,20￣40cm土壤的pH值为5.48。土壤有机质和氮、磷、钾的含量表现为:九华山茶区>牯牛降茶区>仙寓山茶区,而土壤pH值则表现为:牯牛降茶区>仙寓山茶区>九华山茶区,这与成土母质、土壤结构、种茶时间和茶园管理等有直接关系。

This paper analyzed the physical property, pH value and nutrient of the soils of Jiuhuashan, Guniujiang and Xianyushan tea gardens by comparison and study. The results showed that the soil parental material of Jiuhuashan.Guniujiang and Xianyushan tea garden mainly resulted from the granite and the shale. The tea garden soil was consisted of the loam. Its soil bulk specific gravity was （0-40 cm） 1.22 g/cm^3, soil gross porosity was 48.6%, fertile and deep; In the soil layer there were the average content of the organic matter, total nitrogen, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and they were 28.32 g/kg, 1.46 g/kg, 110.12 mg/kg, 11.48mg/kg, 73.55mg/kg, respectively; The pH value in 0-20 cm soil was average of 4.77, and in 20-40 cm soil was 5.48. The content of soil＇s nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is： Jiuhuashan 〉Guniujiang 〉Xianyushan, and of pH value： Guniujiang 〉Xianyushan 〉Jiuhuashan, which depends on its parental material, the soil structure, tea growing time, the tea garden management as well.