梨种类和品种鉴定研究进展

An Overview on Identification of Pear Species and Cultivars

梨种类和品种的正确鉴别是梨种质资源保存、研究和利用的基础,也是新品种登记保护的基础。长期以来,梨品种的鉴定工作主要依赖于形态学、花粉学、细胞学和同工酶鉴定。DNA标记技术的开发成功无疑为梨品种的快速和客观的鉴定提供了有效手段。从形态学、孢粉学、细胞学、同工酶及分子标记等方面介绍了各种鉴定方法在梨上的应用及研究进展。从大量的文献报道发现,形态学鉴定仍然是梨品种鉴定应用最基础最广泛的方法,而分子标记方法如RAPD、AFLP及SSR虽然研究得较多,准确度很高,但目前其在梨上的应用还较其它果树少。文章还对果树品种鉴定的方法在梨研究中存在的问题和今后研究的方向进行了总结。

It is a fundamental work to idenuty pear species and cultivars for conservation,studies and use of germplasm resources as well as plant variety protection. For not a short time, morphology, pollen morphology, cytology, iso-enzyme are the main identifying techniques on pear species and cultivars. The DNA marker technique which is the most effective method is a new approach to identify pear species and cuhivars. All of the methods are introduced in this paper as well as the research progress and the sequent studies. Morphology is the most widely used method while molecular marker techniques such as RAPD, AFLP and SSR are studied most but used less on pears in compare with other fruit varieties.