中国木薯产业化的发展研究与对策

The Developing Countermeasure for Cassava Commercialization in China

木薯有适应性强和生物产量高等优点,是新兴的热带作物产业,自中国加入WTO和东盟“10+3”后,面临着巨大的机遇和挑战。经调研,近5年,世界木薯的收获面积、单产、总产和进出口贸易均增长较快,由于中国木薯产品远不能满足国内需求,迅速成为木薯干片和淀粉的最大进口国。此外,中国化石能源紧缺,发展替代能源势在必行。目前,用木薯加工淀粉和能源酒精,其品质和经济效益优过玉米和甘蔗等原料,较好促进华南地区的社会和经济发展。同时,存在木薯的科研推广基础差,良种良法面积少,加工原料缺口过半,深加工和治污技术滞后等困境。因此,中国木薯产业化的发展对策,就是加强政府、政策和资金的支持力度,强化木薯的选育种、高产生理生化、深加工和治污等研究,及大力扩种和普及良种良法等。

Cassava production is a new industry of which advantageous characteristic are good adaptability and high biological yield etc. Chinese cassava industry is confronted with tremendous opportunity and challenge after China joined WTO and Association of South-East Asian Nations （ASEAN）. According to the investigation and research, the harvest area, yield, production, imports and exports trade of cassava were rapidly increased in the world since 5 years ago, and China imported the most cassava chip and tapioca in the world because of the domestic cassava manufacture demand exceeds supply. More over, new replaceable energy will be imperative under the situation that petrochemical energy resources are short in china. At present, cassava tapioca and auto-alcohol are better quality and economic efficiency than maize and sugarcane raw material. So, cassava commercialization has accelerated social and economical development in some South-China area now. At the same time, the problems of weak scientific research and extension, few adopted new cassava variety and technology, lack of industrial raw material, and behind technology of intensive processing and pollution-control etc. are slowing down the development of the commercialization of cassava. Naturally, the developing countermeasure of Chinese cassava commercialization will be getting more support from government, policy and finance, strengthening cassava research in breeding, high-yield physiology and biochemistry, intensive processing and pollution-control, enlarging cultivating area and spreading improved variety and technology etc.