“随其所宜而适”——徐渭雅俗文学理论的哲学基础

“Finding its Proper Place”: The Philosophical Foundation of Xu Wei’s Literary Theory

徐渭以《论中》七篇为代表的哲学思想与他的文学思想密切相关,尤其是其中的“随其所宜而适”等哲学思想,突破了朱熹《大学章句》、《中庸章句》的樊篱,并且将他那原来看似相对独立的几个文论范畴———“本色”论、文学发展观和“越俗越雅”说等有机地联系在一起,将诗文等雅文学与戏曲等俗文学融为一体,不仅提升了文论的理论价值,而且增强了冲击程朱理学、封建礼教和文学复古主义的力度,更加显示出徐渭作为晚明文学解放思想先驱者的历史作用。

The seven essays in Xu Wei’s Lun Zhong represent his philosophical thoughts that are closely connected with his literary ideas. The idea of “finding its proper place” broke through the restrictions of Zhu Xi’s Daxue and Zhongyong, and integrated his seemingly separate categories-“naturalness”, literary development, and the idea of “going beyond vulgarity and elegance”-into a unified whole, the combination of the elegant poetic prose with the vulgar dramas. They not only promoted the theoretical value of literary theories, but also enhanced the strength of breaking through the idealist philosophy of Cheng and Zhu, the feudal codes of ethics, and the doctrine of “returning to the ancients”, and thus manifested the historical role played by Xu Wei as a pioneer of intellectual emancipation in the literature of late Ming dynasty.