甲醛染毒对大鼠生殖发育毒性的实验研究

Toxic Effect of Formaldehyde on Reproduction and Development of Rats

目的探讨甲醛对大鼠生殖发育的影响.方法按两代一窝繁殖法进行生殖毒性试验.选用体重110～130g Wistar大鼠120只,随机分为4组, 每组雌鼠20只、雄鼠10只.采用静式吸入法染毒,雌、雄大鼠每天染毒1h, 各组的甲醛浓度分别为,高浓度组：119.6±15.4mg/m^3、中浓度组：25.2±4.6mg/m^3、低浓度组：4.8±1.3 mg/m^3、对照组：室内空气, 同时观察大鼠各项生殖发育指标.结果 F2代高剂量组仔鼠有17只畸形,占活胎数的32.1%（17/53）,与对照组比较差异有显著性（P﹤0.05）;F1代高浓度组雌鼠受孕率、死胎率、胎盘总重及胎窝总重与对照组比较差异均有显著性（P﹤0.05）, F2代高浓度组大鼠活产率、4天存活率、21天存活率与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）, 在哺乳期F1代出生14天后和F2代出生后体重均明显低于同时期对照组大鼠的体重.结论甲醛可影响大鼠生殖及子代发育,并具有致畸作用.

ObJective To determine the effects of the formaldehyde exposure on the reproductive function and the development of offsprings. Methods A two generations - one nest reproductive test was carried out. 120 Wistar rats weighted 110 - 130 g were randomly divided into 4 groups. The formaldehyde concentration was 119.6± 15.4mg/m^3 in high dose group, 25.2±4.6 mg/m^3 in the middle dose group, 4.8±1.3 mg/m^3 in the low dose group while it was indoor air in the control group. The male and female rats inhaled formaldehyde freely 1 h everyday, the indexes of reproduction and development of rats were measured. Results Signif- icant differences between high dose group and the control group were observed in the fetus abnormality rate of F2 rats; significant differences between F1 high dose group and control group were observed in the pregnancy rate, dead fetus, totall placenta weight and totall body weight ; the rate of living fetus, tthe 4 - day surival and the 21 -day survival in high dose group were significantly lower than that in F2 rats of the control group; the weights of F1 and F2 rats in 3 experimental groups were significantly lighter than that in the control. Conclusions Formaldehyde can affect the ability of rats reproduction and development, and induce teratogenicity in Wistar rats.