期待可能性问题研究

On Expectant Possibility

期待可能性理论产生于德国,其形成是心理责任论向规范责任论转变的历史过程。应该承认狭义的期待可能性概念,期待可能性的征表只能是外部情形的异常性。期待可能性不是主观的事实性存在,而是责任之规范要素。应站在行为人的立场上设身处地考虑其作出意志选择的可能性,因而以行为人标准作为期待可能性的判断标准,是正确的。期待可能性错误既包括法律错误,也包括事实错误,是一种独立的错误类型。责任,无论是故意还是过失,都是心理事实与规范评价的统一,责任的故意分为违法性认识与违法性意志,其中违法性意志就是一个期待可能性的判断问题。所以,期待可能性是一种积极的责任要素。

The formation of expectant possibility, which rooted in Germany, is a historical process of transformation from the psychological responsibility to the normative responsibility. We should acknowledge the possibility＇ s concept of the narrow sense. The attribute of expectant possibility only can be the abnormality of exterior situation. Expectant possibility is not the subjective fact existence but the normative factor of responsibility. It is correct to regarding the actor standard as the standard of judging of expectant possibility, The mistake of expectant possibility includes not only mistake of law, but aiso mistake of fact. The resporksibility is the unity of psychological facts and normative evaluation. Intent indudes illegal cognition and illegal will which is the considering factor of expectant possibility. Expectant possibility is a kind of positive element of responsibility.