我国少年刑事责任制度之理论检讨

Reflect on Chinese Juvenile Criminal Responsibility System

少年刑事责任制度的理论基础有三种基本的学说刑事责任能力说、刑事政策说和折中说,其中刑事责任能力说又有所谓辨认控制能力论和刑罚适应力论的分歧。少年刑事责任制度是以行为人辨认和控制能力为基础,以未成年人保护的刑事政策为基本原则而建立。不管理论解释与立法解释如何,事实上目前任何一个国家的少年刑事责任制度都是折衷于辨认控制能力与未成年人保护的刑事政策之间,只是侧重点不同而已。从我国刑法所规定的刑事责任制度来看,实际上也是一种折中说,只不过侧重于辨认和控制能力。

There are three kinds of juvenile criminal responsibility theory： theory on criminal responsibility ability, theory on criminal policy and the eclectic theory. The theory on criminal responsibility ability is divarieated to the criminal identification and control ability and the penalty adaptive ability. Based on the actor＇s identification and control ability, the juvenile criminal responsibility system is established according to the basic principle of criminal policy of protecting the minor. None of the three theories is perfect. In fact, today, the juvenile criminal responsibility system in any country is based on the juvenile＇s identification and control ability, and also on the criminal policy of protecting the minor, with the only difference in different emphasizing point. Chinese criminal law aiso based on such eclectic theory, but emphasizes on the.