资源流研究的理论与方法探析

Discussion on Theories and Methods of Resources Flow

资源流研究是资源科学在新形势下需要重视的新的学术视角,目前国内外的研究比较零散,迄今为止还没有形成一个系统、科学的理论体系。资源流的内涵体现在复杂性、动态性和时空性3个方面。资源流的构成要素包括系统、物质、能量、价值、劳动力等。资源流主要研究资源在进入社会经济系统后的变化规律,阐明资源流动变化过程及其环境和经济效应,揭示资源在社会经济运动中与生态、环境相互作用的机理,为资源高效利用和可持续管理提供科学依据。目前资源流研究所用的方法主要有投入产出分析、物质流分析、工业代谢、生命周期评价等。这些方法来自不同的学科领域,从不同的角度探讨资源流动,具有各自的特点和局限性。未来资源流研究的重点主要有:按部门进行资源流研究、按地域进行资源流研究、战略性资源的流动研究、相关社会价值问题研究以及综合评价方法的研究。

With the development of resources science, resources system has been evolved into its important and key research objective. The whole process of resources exploiting and using has been being studied by various scholars. Such a resources flow is an emerging concept in resources science. Nowadays, researches on resources flow are more loosely scattered and have not been developed into a systematic and scientific theory system. Authors argue that the connotation of resources flow includes at least three aspects ： its complex, dynamic and space-time, which consist of system, substance, energy, value, labor and others. The research purpose of resources flow is to understand how and what resources are used in socioeconomic system and to identify their interior mechanism during the resources flow process so that it can provide more scientific and efficient guidance for resources utilization and sustainable management. The main areas of different kinds of researches on resources flow can be categorized as follows： trans- sectional and industrial researches; element, molecule, substance and material flow researches; theory and application researches. Methods applicable in resources flow mainly include： input-output analysis, material flow analysis, industrial metabolism, life cycle assessment and so on. These methods are derived from different disciplines with different points of view, while each of them has its own advantages and shortcomings. In the future, the following aspects should be paid more attention： first, studies on resources flow of individual sector, especially the resources-intensive consumed sectors and their potentially affecting ones; second, regional flow studies, which will help the decision-makers find some resources flow problems in time; third, studies on strategic resources flow, such as coal, petroleum, iron ores, water and others, which will be more important for sustainable resource development; fourth, some related social issues from resources flow, such as the relationship between household consuming structure and resources flow, the influence of employment structure from resources flow; fifth, comprehensive appraisal methods, which will be more complex and more open, and can also be considered in terms of social, economic and environmental objectives. Moreover, the following researches areas should be thought more over on the advantages of cross-disciplines and their combination of theory and practice. Apparently, for building the friendly environmental and saving resources society in China, the resources flow research will be a significant direction either in theoretical or practical context.