湖州市生态资产遥感测量及其在社会经济中的应用

ECOLOGICAL CAPITAL MEASUREMENT BY REMOTELY SENSED DATA FOR HUZHOU AND ITS SOCIO-ECONOMIC APPLICATION

该文利用高空间分辨率Landsat7TM卫星影像及中空间分辨率MODIS卫星影像获取生态系统类型、质量状况等参数,计算湖州市各类生态系统的净第一性生产力(Netprimaryproductivity,NPP),结合地理属性数据及统计数据计算出各类生态系统的生态资产,并应用于当地社会、经济活动分析。结果表明:1)4年间湖州市林地、水田、灌丛、裸地4类占有明显优势,占全市的面积比例平均达87%以上,草地、水域/湿地、旱地3类占全市面积的13%左右;2)湖州市生态资产平均为203.33亿元·a-1,森林对生态资产的平均贡献率为73.22%,森林及耕地在全市的生态资产构成中占主要地位,各县(区)的生态资产呈波动递减,平均生态资产依次排列为:安吉县(91.76亿元·a-1)>长兴县(41.33亿元·a-1)>吴兴区(29.31亿元·a-1)>德清县(28.27亿元·a-1)>南浔区(12.66亿元·a-1);3)4年中生态资产在国民经济中的比重由大到小排列均为:安吉县>长兴县>德清县>市辖区,但各县(区)生态资产占GDP的比重均逐年下降(市辖区仅在2002年略高于2001年,但4年中总体趋势也在下降);4年中人均及地均生态资产均按安吉县>德清县>长兴县>市辖区的顺序排列。各县(区)人均及地均生态资产与国民生产总值的变化均呈相反趋势,即经济发展相对较快的地方,其人均及地均占有的生态资产相对低,同时其人均及地均污染水平高,这些都反映出目前当地经济增长特点,即经济高速发展的同时也带来了较为严重的环境问题。

The paper used TM and MODIS data to acquire ecosystem types and quality condition parameters. The process involved the following steps： 1 ） TM images were used to classify the land use/land cover of Huzhou; 2） A method was developed to decompose MODIS NDVI pixels （500 m×500 m） into the same resolution scale of classified TM image, and the observed weather data were combined to compute the NPP （Net primary productivity） of different ecosystems; 3） According to NPP and statistical data, ecological capital of different ecosystems was computed and applied into local socio-economic analysis. The results showed that 1） the area of woodland, paddy field, shrub and bare land was about 87 % of the total area of Huzhou on average in the past four years, and the proportion of grassland, water/wetland and dry land was about 13%. The area of woodland has been continuously decreasing. Bare land, shrub land, grassland and dry land have been steadily increasing, and the paddy land has been increasing in fluctuation. Water/wetland has been decreasing in fluctuation. 2） The average ecological capital of Huzhou in the past four years was 203.33 million RMB·a^-1, in which woodland made the main contribution at a rate of 73.22 %. Ecological capital of different counties （districts） was ordered as： Anji County （91.76 million RMB·a^-1） 〉 Changxing County （41.33 million RMB·a^-1 ） 〉 Wuxing District （29.31 million RMB·a^-1） 〉 Deqing County （28.27 million RMB·a^-1） 〉 Nanxun District （12.66 million RMB·a^-1）. 3） The percentages of ecological capital to GDP from 2001 to 2004 were ranked as Anji County 〉 Changxing County 〉 Deqing County 〉 Municipal Districts, and such percentages showed a decreasing trend in general （only the percentage in Municipal Districts in 2002 was slightly higher than that in 2001, but it has generally been decreasing in the four years）. Ecological capital per capita and per area during the four years were ranked as Anji County 〉 Deqing County 〉 Changxing County 〉 Municipal Districts, and it showed a contrary trend of change compared to that of GDP. That is, the regions with higher-speed economic development usually had relatively fewer ecological resources per capita and per area, and relatively low proportion of ecological capital in GDP, but the pollution level per capita and per area was relatively high. The regions with relatively lower-speed economic development were just contrary to that of the higher ones. All these observations reflected a pervasive problem of the current mode of economic development in Huzhou, that is, higherpeed development of economics has caused serious environmental problems.