论西方近代国家起源观的社会契约论转向

The Turn of the Western View of the Origin of Countries to Social Contract

16、17世纪,西方国家起源观由中世纪的神权论转向近代意义上的社会契约论,这一转向与资本主义上升时期日益发展的契约经济、文艺复兴和宗教改革等社会变革、近代科学的发展、以及西方传统契约理论文化资源的复兴有密切联系。霍布斯、洛克和卢梭是这一时期社会契约论国家起源观的代表,他们利用社会契约论,在不同的人性假设、自然状态和缔约方式上解释了国家的起源,反映了不同时期政治发展的要求。西方近代国家起源观的社会契约论转向具有重大的政治意义,对西方国家政治设计和资本主义发展都产生了深远影响。

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the view of the origin of countries turned from theocratic theory to social contract theory. This turn was closely related to the rising social contract economy, Renaissance, religious reform, the development of modern science and such other elements. The representatives of the social contract theory were Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau who explained the origin of countries from the perspectives of social contract theory and reflected the needs of political development in different periods. This turn was of great political significance and exerted farreaching influence on the design of Western countries and the development of capitalism.