中国古代梅瓶的设计艺术思想

Thought on the design art of Meiping in ancient China

梅瓶是我国自宋代以来形成的陶瓷器型的一种,宋代梅瓶多小口外卷。其中,北方各窑生产的梅瓶丰肩,形体修长,胫部瘦削,秀丽挺拔。南方生产的梅瓶则肩较溜,略显矮胖。辽、西夏及金代梅瓶均受北宋北方窑的影响,具有形体挺拔修长的特点。元代梅瓶造型为小口外折,短颈呈上窄下宽之梯形,肩部比宋代梅瓶更趋丰满,胫部也随之增大,至足部微外撇。明代以永乐、宣德时期的梅瓶最具代表性,小唇口微外撇,短颈中部微束,丰肩,腹以下渐收敛,给人敦厚稳重之感。清代梅瓶除仿永乐、宣德时的造型外,有所创新,式样口部增大,肩部也加宽且常有附加装饰。造型上的变化体现了我国古代设计思想。

Meiping is a type of porcelain ware that developed from the Song Dynasty. The Meiping in the Song Dynasty always the one with narrow out - curled mouth. While those produced in the north are tall and graceful, those produced in south are a little bit short and fat. Influenced by the Kilns in the north, the Meiping in the Liao, Western Xia, and Jin Dynasty is tall and slender. Compared with that in the Song Dynasty, the Meiping in the Yuan Dynasty,with narrow out - curled mouth,short neck,and out - stretched base,is much plumper. With that produced in the Yongle and Xuande Periods as the representative, the Meiping in the Ming Dynasty is narrow out - curled mouthed, short - necked, and broad - shouldered, leaving a sense of sincerity and sedateness. In addition to the imitation of the shape in the Yongle and Xuande Periods, there are innoations in the shape - making, usually with decorations on the broadened shoulder. All those shape changes embody the design thought of Meiping in ancient China.