历史不仅仅是历史——钱钟书历史修辞思想札论

History Is Not History Only——On QIAN Zhong-shu's Historical Rhetoric Thought

历史是“客观的记载”,但又不仅仅是“客观的记载”。历史叙述是一种言语行为,也是一种期待类型。由文体的名实不一、体用变化加以考察,今天我们所谓的历史叙述,其涵义和价值并不如“科学主义”历史观认为的那样简单划一与凝固不变。“历史”叙述的概念是一个历时发展的过程,又是一个中外有别的概念,其中固然有所谓“历史叙述反历史性”,但更应该看到,历史叙述在中国传统文化中承担的“最后的裁判者”的意义。

History is ＂objective record＂, but it is not that. Historical narration is a linguistic behavior, and a type of expectancy as well. Due to various styles, tenses and application of language, the connotation and value of so-called historical narration are not so simple or unchangeable as the conception of ＂natural science＂ history thought. The concept of ＂history＂ narration is a diachronic process of development, which is different at home and abroad. ＂Historical narration may be against historic facts＂, but it is noted that the historical narration is of ＂the latest judge＂ significance in traditional Chinese culture.