论福克纳的自然情结——《熊》的人文生态解读

On William Faulkner's Complex of Nature——Humanistic and Eological Interpretaion of The Bear

美国作家威廉.福克纳继承并发展了欧文的自然参照论,库柏的自然界限论和梭罗的自然存在论。通过中篇小说《熊》中对自然和林中狩猎生活的描写,作者表现了自然界与现代社会的关系,表达了他对内战前南方社会的眷恋,对森林的退缩和森林居民的消逝而感到难过,以及他对人类文明的反思和难以割舍的自然情结;同时,从小说的主人公艾萨克的行为和决定中,福克纳似乎发现了人类与自然、与他人和谐相处的正确的生态观。

The American writer William Faulkner （1897-1962） not only inherited but also developed Wahshington Irving＇s notion that nature is a consulting element, James Fenimore Cooper＇s understanding that there is a distinct limit between men and nature and Henry David Thoreau＇s belief that nature is a concrete existence. Through the description of nature and hunting in the wilderness in The Bear, the relationship between nature and modern society in Faulkner＇s native land was revealed. Faulknerds attachment to the South, his regret at the shrinking of the wilderness and his reflection on human civilization and were also manifested. Meanwhile, from the acts and decisions of the hero Isaac, Faulkner seemed to find the correct ecological view of the relationship between natule and human beings and of dealing with others harmoniously.