山东汉族人群血小板特异性抗原基因的多态性研究

Study on the allele polymorphism of HPA in hans fromshandong province

目的 研究山东汉族人群血小板特异性抗原（HPA）1～5和15系统基因多态性分布特点。方法 采用PCR-序列特异性引物（PCR-SSP）技术对234例无血缘关系，汉族，血小板志愿捐献者进行HPA-1～5和HPA-15系统基因分型，计算等位基因频率、基因型频率并与其他种族、地区人群相关资料比较。结果 等位基因频率由高到低依次为HPA-4a、-1a、-5a、-2a、-3a、-15a、-15b、-3b、-2b、-5b、-1b，未检到HPA-4b。基因型频率由高到低依次为HPA-4a4a、-1a1a、-5a5a、-2a2a、-15a15b、-3a3b、-3a3a、-15a15a、-363b、-15b15b、-2a2b、-5a5b、-1a1b，未检到HPA-1b1b、-5b5b和HPA-2b2b。与报道的东方人群比较，有显著性差异的系统有HPA-2、-3,-5（P〈0．005）；与西方人群比较，HPA-1、-2、-3、-5系统有显著性差异（P〈0．005），HPA-4无种族间显著性差异。HPA-15系统的基因分布与越南、德国、奥地利人近似，而与印地安人有较大差异（P〈0．005）。结论 HPA存在明显的种族和地域性差异。山东汉族人发生HPA同种免疫的可能风险抗原基因主要有HPA-3a，-3b，-2b，-5b，-1b，其次为HPA-15a、-15b。

Objective： To investigate the allele polymorphism of HPA-1-5 and HPA-15 systems in Hans of Shandong Province in China. Methods： A genetic method of polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers （PCR-SSP） was used to determine genotype of HPA-1～5and HPA-15 in 234 blood platelet donors in Shandong Blood Center. The gene frequencies and genotype frequencies were evaluated and compared with those in other populations. Results： The alleles listed from high to low frequency were HPA-4a,-1a,-5a,-2a;-3a,-15a,-15b,- 3b,-2b,-5b and-1b, HPA-4b wasn＇t detected. While genotypes were HPA-4a4a,-1a1a,-5a5a,-2a2a,-15a15b,- 3a3b,-3a3a,-15a15a,-3b3b,-15b15b,-2a2b,-5a5b and -1a1b; HPA-1b,-5b and HPA -2b homozygote individuals were not found. The frequency distributions of HPA-1～5 were found to be comparable with those reported in oriental populations,but in HPA-2,-3,-5, there was significant difference （P〈0. 005）. Compared with western populations, significiant difference （P〈0. 005） was found in HPA-1～3 and -5. As to the frequency distributions 9f HPA-15, apart from Amazon Indians （P〈0. 005）, there were no significant difference between Chinese and Vietnamese, Germans, Austrians respectively. Conclusion： This study confirmed the genetic and original difference of HPA and indicated that the most possible risk HPA alleles which may induce HPA alloimmunization were HPA-3a,-3b,-2b,-5b,-1b and HPA-15a,-15b.