古村落旅游地利益主体关系及影响研究——世界文化遗产地西递、宏村实证分析

Study on Relationship between Tourism Stakeholders and Impacts of Tourism Development in Ancient Village Resorts——A Case Study of World Cultural Heritage Xidi and Hongcun Village

运用利益主体理论,通过对西递、宏村两地旅游业密切相关的各利益主体代表的访谈及问卷调查发现,政府、居民、旅游企业、游客为目前古村落旅游地最主要的利益主体,他们在古村落的旅游发展中,所处的地位、执行的职能、发挥的作用各不相同,但彼此又密切相关,具有一些共同目标或职责。在此基础上,指出西递、宏村两地旅游发展面临的主要矛盾和问题,提出鼓励公众参与、提高从业人员素质和教育程度、加强对旅游者的教育、加强利益主体之间的协调与合作等相关对策。

With the application of Stakeholder Theory, by interviewing representatives of each type of stakeholder and abundant questionnaires on local residents, the authors indicated that the government, local residents, tourism bus;nesses and tourists were the major tourism stakeholders existing in ancient village resorts. They differed distinctly in statue and function, and also in.terrelated with each other closely because they shared the same objects and responsibility in some way. Thereafter, the authors pointed out the major problems existing in Xidiand and Hongcun Villages. Finally, the authors proposed the following countermeasures that were beneficial for sustainable tourism development： to encourage public intervention, to enhance the education level of those engaged in tourism, to provide proper education on tourists and to enhance the coordination and cooperation between tourism stakeholders.