一步法ELISA在HIV初筛中的应用探讨

Study on the application of one-step ELISA in HIV preliminary screening

目的探讨一步法ELISA试剂在HIV抗体初筛实验中是否存在高剂量钩状效应,及其影响程度和对策。方法分别采用一步法和二步法HIV抗体ELISA检测试剂盒对10例确诊抗体阳性样本进行检测以及样本梯度稀释后再复检。结果10例确诊样本二步法结果均阳性,一步法仅7例阳性;假阴性样本经10-1和10-2稀释后,再用一步法检测时结果均为阳性。结论ELISA一步法试剂的检测范围不可忽视。一步法双抗原夹心ELISA检测HIV抗体时的明显前带现象是潜在的漏检导致因素,应用于HIV初筛效果不如二步法。

Objective To assess if there was high dose hook effect of one-step ELISA reagent in the preliminary screening on HIV antibody, provide evidences for the effect degree and solutions.Methods 10 defined positive samples were separately tested by one- and two-step HIV antibody ELISA detection kit. The hook effect was analyzed through testing and verifying gradient dilution of the false-negative samples. Results 10 defined samples were all tested positive by two-step method, while 7 of 10 positive in one-step method. The outcome were positive all after the mentioned false-negative samples had been diluted in 10^-1 and 10^-2. Conclusion It should not be neglected the measure range of one-step ELISA kit, especially in the rigid HIV preliminary screen. The hook effect of one-step ELISA detection results in rather incredible outcome than two-step method.