句法象似性原则参照下的Have+en的范畴属性

To Explore the Categorial Properties of Have+en with Reference to the Clausal Iconicity Principles

Have+en历来被视为英语中的完成体形式。按照体态范畴的标准定义,无论是动词短语的过程性,抑或是终结性,均不可与外部时间关系产生任何瓜葛。但Have+en似乎总与某一外部时间参照共现,因此对其范畴属性的质疑不断。文章以句法象似性原则揭示的认知机理为基础指出,Have+en的本体体征应当囊括终结性和先时性两个方面。先时性导致Have+en具备貌似、但不完全等同于外部时间的现联延续关系,从而使动词短语的内部结构衍生回溯性视角,属于内化了的“超体”特征,证明Have+en以其特有属性与Be+ing非对称性地搭建英语的体态范畴。

Have ＋ en has always been rated as the perfective form in the English grammatical category ＇aspect＇. According to the strict definition of aspect, there ought to be a binary system that contains processual or terminal syntactic meaning available for describing it, and neither of them bears any relationship to the temporal location outside of its own internal structure. But have ＋ en seems to be co-occurring all the time with a certain external temporal reference point, thus causing its properties to be questioned continually. The paper, based on the clausal iconicity principles, points out that its ontological properties consist of two different respects, namely anteriority and terminality. It is the former that engenders have ＋ en＇s profiling the continuation, through the reference time, of a stable relationship in which a specific process has previous occurred but remains of current relevance which resembles the external temporal location a prima facie but is actually the least identical one. The internal structure of the verb phrase derives as such a retrospective perspective which pertains to the internalized ＇beyond-aspect＇ features. It proves that have ＋ en with its characteristic properties builds the aspect category in English asymmetrically against be ＋ ing.