比较法视野下的盘查措施

A Comparative Study of Identity Checks

盘查属于行政强制措施,并同时适用于刑事侦查领域。世界各国均对盘查设立了实体要件和程序要件,并针对不同种类的盘查措施给予不同的限制。我国的盘查措施的种类单一,立法未能设立启动盘查措施所需的要件,未能区分盘查措施与刑事强制措施的界限,此外,出租屋成为盘查的重点场所,相关的司法救济制度阙如,这些都是我国盘查措施适用中突出的问题。建立科学的盘查措施体系,严格确定盘查措施的界限,逐步取消对出租屋的盘查制度,完善司法救济制度是解决问题的根本途径。

Identity check is a compulsory measure in administrative law, also available in criminal investigation. While setting down substantial and procedural requirements concerning an identity check, many countries apply different restraints upon varied identity check measures. Unfortunately, the check measures taken in China are rather simple, and no requirements for trigging an identity check can be found in any legislation. Identity check measures are not marked off from those of compulsory investigation. Further, rented houses have become troublesome places where identity checks are often made and no relevant judicial remedies are applied. All of those mentioned above are prominent problems related to identity checks in China. To solve these problems, it is urgent for us to establish a sci- entific identity check system, impose more restraints on starting checks, and gradually abolish certain provisions of identity checks as we improve judicial remedies