5Hall JC,Tarala RA, Hall JL, et al.A multivariate analysis of the risk of pulmonary complications after laparotmy[J]. Chest, 1991,99(4) :923 ~ 927.
6Ronkema JA, Carol EJ, Prins JG. The prevention of pulmnary complications after upper aldominal surgery in patients with noncompromised pulmonary status[J] .Arch Surg, 1988, 123(1) :30 ~ 34.