孔子道学形而上学探本

Study on Confucius's Metaphysics of "Tao"

“道”为孔子思想体系的中心范畴,孔子的学说是道学。孔子道学并不仅仅是经验层面上的伦理知识之学,而是具有超验本体层面的、可以执一统多的人文整体精神的思想体系。孔子的道学形上学主要表现为价值的或境界的形上学。孔子主张个体生命以“道”(天、天道、天命)作为人的存在与发展的超越性根据,通过“礼”这一中介推展出伦理、规范和内在超越之路———践仁以知天,即使人在道德的自我修养过程中达到与无限的“天道”、“天命”合一的境界。因而,他的道学形上学体现出即超越即内在、本体与工夫相统一的特点。

＂Tao＂ is the central category of Confucius＇s thought system. Confucius＇s doctrine is ＂Tao＂ theory, while his ＂Tao＂ theory is a thought system Of the ontological humane spirits, not only empirical ethical theory. Confucius＇s metaphysics of ＂Tao＂ mainly embodies valuable or realm metaphysics. ＂Tao＂ is the transcendent foundation of existing and developing of human being. Individual realizes the unity of Man and ＂Tao＂ through courteous practice. Thus, Confucius＇s metaphysics of ＂Tao＂ embodies the match features of transcendence and inbeing, reality and painstaking.