双三螺旋:创新与可持续发展

Triple Helix Twins:Innovation and Sustainability

是否存在着第四个螺旋的问题已成为大学—产业—政府三螺旋争论的焦点之一。一些学者提出可以将劳动力、风险资本、公众等看做第四螺旋。劳动力和风险资本可以纳入创新三螺旋的支撑结构,但公众则需另当别论。公众可能积极支持创新活动的开展,也可能因创新会带来负面影响而反对和限制创新。无论如何第四螺旋的引入都可能导致原有的三方相互作用模式失去它的系统动力,需要一个更完善的模型兼并公众这个重要的维度,因而提出大学—公众—政府可持续发展三螺旋,作为创新三螺旋的补充,以在保持三螺旋动力的同时将公众因素纳入社会创新系统。

Debate over the university-industry-government triple helix model has focused on the question of whether there is a fourth helix. Various candidates have been suggested, such as labor, venture capital, the informal sector and civil society. In fact, these factors, such as labor and venture capital, can be comprised into the support structure of triple helix model of innovation, but no public. Public can actively support an innovation, but sometimes it is possible that they argue against and restrict it for its potential negative influence. Anyway, the introduction of a fourth helix might cause a triadic model to lose its creative dynamic. Nevertheless, an expanded model is required to incorporate a critical dimension. To resolve this paradox, a unlverslty-public-government sustainability triple helix is proposed as a complement to the university-industry-government innovation triple helix, thus introducing a missing element into the model while retaining the dynamic properties of a tertius guidance.