我国技术工人短缺的深层原因探析

Analysis of China Mechanic Shortage

工人劳动力产权完整与否是决定技术工人供给规模的主要因素之一。在现代市场经济条件下，完整的劳动力产权由生存权、基本发展权、剩余收益分享权和对劳动力的控制权等权利构成。目前，我国工人劳动力产权残缺，表现为社会保障制度不健全，基本生产权受到限制；在职培训缺乏，基本发展权没有保障；收益相对较低，剩余收益分享权被忽略；参与企业管理、劳资谈判协商的机制不健全，对劳动力的控制权没有得到很好的落实。工人劳动力产权“残缺”使劳动者对技术工人的人力资本投资的收益大打折扣，进而导致投资不足，引发“技工荒”。因此，我国解决“技工荒”的根本出路在于健全工人劳动力产权制度。

The scale of mechanic supply partly relies on the integrity of worker force property. In modem market, integrated property of work force consists of right of survival, fundamental right of development, right of residual income share, control power for them, etc, While in China worker force property is defect, such as inadequate social safeguard, short in on-the-job training, lower residual income, imperfect negotiation mechanism between managers and workers, and so on. The defect worker force property makes profits of human capital investment lower and causes the mechanic shortage. The paper holds that the solution of mechanic shortage is to perfect worker force property relations.