干细胞研究的理论与实验

Theory and experiment of stem cell study

目的:通过探讨近年来干细胞研究的进展,对干细胞的概念、调控、特征及应用进行进一步的阐述,说明作为“种子细胞”的干细胞的研究对胚胎发育研究及临床疾病治疗具有极其重大的意义。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline数据库1980-01/2001-01有关干细胞研究的进展及临床价值的文章,检索词“embryonicstemcells,embryonicstemcell,hematopoieticstemcell,HSC/HPC,mesenchymalstemcell”限定文章语言种类为English。资料选择:纳入标准:①有关干细胞的研究。②有关干细胞研究的进展及临床价值的研究。排除标准:重复研究。资料提炼:共收集到105篇有关干细胞的研究与进展的文章,排除重复或类似的同一研究,31篇符合研究要求。资料综合:①干细胞的基础研究及其特性。干细胞分为胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞。不对称分裂对干细胞自我复制非常重要,而这一行为是通过干细胞内的一些结构蛋白和多肽因子调控的,同时干细胞的分化还受到其周围组织细胞及细胞外基质等外源性因素的影响。②干细胞研究的进展。最近干细胞的研究有两个重大的技术突破,一是人类胚胎干细胞在体外培养成功,为胚胎干细胞的临床应用奠定了基础;另外一个重大突破是成体干细胞的横向分化。此外分离纯化技术的进步,加速了应用干细胞治疗疾病的速度。③基于对不同种类干细胞特性的研究和临床应用及其前景。④国内目前干细胞研究的现状和面临的问题。结论:通过近年来对干细胞的研究,发现干细胞在不同条件下的特性,从而确定对干细胞的研究必将对胚胎发育的临床研究及临床疾病的治疗起到极大的推动作用。

OBJECTIVE： To further expound the concept, regulation, characteristics and application of stem cells through investigating the progress in the study of stem cells recently, suggesting that the study of stem cells as “seed cells” is very important in the study of embryonic development and treatment of clinical diseases. DATA SOURCES： We searched Medline for the progress and clinical value of stem cell study related articles which were published from January 1980 to January 2001 with the key words of ＂embryonic stem cells, embryonic stem cell,hematopoietic stem cell, HSC/HPC,mesenchymal stem cell＂ inEnglish. STUDY SELECTION： Inclusive criteria： ① Stem cells related studies ② Progress and clinical value of stem cell related studies. Exclusive criteria： repetitive studies. DATA EXTRACTION： Totally 105 articles about the study and progress of stem cells were collected, repetitive or similar studies were excluded, and 31 met the criteria. DATA SYNTHESIS： （1） Basic studies and characteristics of stem cells. Stem cells are divided into embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Dissymmetrical cleavage is very important in the self-duplication of stem cells, which is regulated by some structural protein and polypeptide factor of stem cells. At the same time, differentiation of stem cells is also affected by peripheral tissue cells and extracellular matrix and other exogenous factors. ②Progress of stem cell study .There are two important technical breakthroughs of study on stem cells; one is the successful in vitro culture of human embryonic stem cells, providing basis for clinical application of embryonic stem cells; the other one is transversal differentiation of adult stern cells. In addition, the improvement of isolated and purified technique also speeds up the treatment of stem cells.③ It is based on the study and clinical application as well as prospect of the characteristics of different kinds of stem cells. ④Status quo and facing problems of stem cells in China. CONCLUSION： We found the characteristics of stem cells underdifferent conditions through the study of stem cells in recent years, so as to determine the study of stem cells, which will promote the clinical study of embryonic development and treatment of clinical disease.