蚜虫系统发育研究进展

SURVEY OF APHIDS PHYLOGENY

文中简单回顾了蚜虫分类学研究和蚜虫高级阶元系统关系研究的历史,比较分析了有代表性的蚜虫类高级阶元系统发育关系,总结出现有系统发育关系中普遍存在的共识和争议:共识是将具有卵生生殖方式的球蚜类和根瘤蚜类与其它具有卵胎生生殖方式的蚜虫区分开,进而将之视为最古老的蚜虫支系;而主要的争议在于大蚜类、毛蚜类和扁蚜类的系统地位,以及几个相关类群间的亲缘关系,如短痣蚜类和大蚜类间的关系,斑蚜类、纩蚜类和群蚜类间的关系等。在研究进展中还介绍了分子生物学方法在蚜虫系统发育研究中的尝试,虽然其研究结果还未能完全解决上述问题,但必将是对现有研究方法的补充。

Aphids are a group of insects feeding on the plants. The systematic researches on aphids are very important to pest managements, biological theory studies and so on. However, the primary matter is correct understanding the species. Thus, the study of phylogeny on this group is one of the premises to above these studies. Here we reviewed the history of aphid taxonomy and of systematic relationships above genera, and compared with some representative results about aphid phylogeny. The common ground of these aphid systems is to separate the oviparous taxa, Adelgiens and Phylloxeriens, from the other viviparous taxa as the most original groups. And their divergences focus on the following aspects： the systematic status of some aphid groups, such as Lachniens, Chaitophoriens and Hormaphidiens; and the relationships among some taxa, such as the relationship between Lachniens and Anoeciiens, and the relationships among Drepanosiphiens, Mindariens and Thelaxiens. Some results of molecular systematic recently are introduced in here. Although these studies didn＇t solve the problems completely either, molecular methods are very useful to aphid phylogenetic researches.