福建变性土肥力特征和农业生产特性的研究

THE FERTILITY CHARACTERISTICS AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION CHARACTERS OF VERTISOL IN FUJIAN PROVINCE

福建变性土与广泛分布的地带性土壤──砖红壤性红壤不仅在土壤特性上有很大差别，而且在耕作、适种性、施肥效应、灌溉措施以及作物产量与品质等农业生产特性上也有明显的不同。我们在已取得土壤特性研究成果的基础上，又从水、肥、气等土壤肥力特征方面，揭示这些农业生产特性差别的机理，并着重于与砖红壤性红壤对比，以期把这两种呈复区分布的土壤，在利用和管理上能进一步区别对待。

Vertisol is greatly different from lateritic red earth,which is an extensively distributed zonal soil in Fujian Province,not only in soil properties but in soil fertility and agricultural production characters such as nutrient status,soil adsorption,moisture capacity,tillage,cropping system,fertilization effect,irrigation measures and crop yield and quality.The productivity of the vertisol exceeded that of the lateritic red earth.The yields of rice,sweet potato,peanut,sorghum and sugarcane grown on the vertisol were obviously higher than those grown on the lateritic red earth, and some of the crops mentioned above grown on the vertisol also displayed a better quality,because the former soil possesses higher contents of nutrients,stronger nutrient and water retention ability,and more appropriate aeration status in the soil surface than the latter,which caused a series of good agricultural production characters of the vertisol in drought resistance,fertilizer saving, suitability for intercropping etc.The poor soil tilth,compact subsoil and deep crack in dry season were the major factors affecting vertisol fertility.So deep and intensive tillage must be carried out to improve soil permeability and reduce runoff loss. Spray and sprinkling irrigation should be taken to diminish leakage through cracks and to raise the utilization efficiency of water resources.Particular attention should be paid to the replenishment of the nutrition of phosphorus,potassium and trace elements such as boron and molybdenum in applying fertilizers to the vertisol.Because of the soil reaction ranging from neutral to slight alkaline,generally there would be no need of liming to the vertisol,and it would be not appropriate to grow acidophilous crops such as tea, which is now extensively grown on the latentic red earth region there,but it would be proper to be used for growing calciphilous leguminous crops.