特早熟杏的育种

Breeding of Very Early Ripening Apricot

通过有性杂交与胚培技术相结合的办法,首次获得200余株基因重组后代,并从中选育出1株果实发育期仅52天的特早熟优系。研究结果表明,特早熟杏育种的关键技术措施是:①选用优良的早熟杏品种为亲本进行杂交;②于硬核期(PF,值0.9～1.0)采集杂种胚接种于Tukey+BA0.2mg/L的培养基上;③1～3℃低温处理80天以上;④9月下旬气温较低时移植于盛有消毒沙的纸袋中;⑤加强肥水管理、接种VA菌根等促进胚培苗的营养生长;⑥当胚培苗高达2.5m左右时,于5月份叶面喷施1000mg/L的PP333,可控长促花,提早结果,比常规层积播种法缩短童期2年以上。

More than 200 new gene recombination plantlets were first obtained and one promising apricot hybrid with very early ripening had been selected from them by the combinative method with crossing and embryo culture. The key techniques of very early ripening apricot breeding are as follows: ① Crossing was carried on with good early ripening apricot cultivars;② Crossed seeds were collected in hard stone stage and the embryos were inoculated into Tukey medium supplemented with BA 0.2mg / L;③Low temperature treatment for more than 80 days in 1- 3℃ ; ④Plantlets were transplanted into sterilized sand paper sacks in the last ten-day period of September of which the temperature is low; ⑤Some measures such as increasing fertilizer and water and inoculating VAM were used in order to speed up the nutritive growth of embryo culture plantlets and ⑥PP333 in the concentration of 1000mg / L was sprayed onto leaves in May when plantlet height is about 250cm to control nutritive growth, promote flower bud formation, fruit beforehand and shorten juvenile period of the plantlets.