如何预防飞行过程中的不安全因素

How to Prevent Unsafe Factors during Flight

民航飞机的运行过程大致分为起飞、爬升、巡航、航路下降、进近、着陆6个阶段。飞机起飞爬升和进近着陆是飞行事故的高发阶段。笔者分析了飞行各阶段的危险源,尤其将起飞爬升和进近着陆两个阶段作为主要研究内容;指出了飞行各阶段的关键操作技术及原理;提出了起飞可能面临多种危险,给出了起飞前机组风险意识检查单,并列出了国际飞行安全基金会(FSF,FlightSafetyFoundation)提出的进近着陆风险意识检查单;运用机组资源管理工具使飞行员树立安全风险意识,从而达到降低飞行事故率,提高飞行安全水平的目的。

Flight process of civil aviation consists of takeoff, climbing, cruise, course descending, approaching and landing. However, most accidents happen during takeoff, approaching and landing. Risk sources especially at takeoff, approaching and landing are analyzed. Key operation and principle, and various potential risks faced during takeoff are pointed out to provide a checklist of risk awareness for crews before takeoff. The checklist of risk awareness for crews during approaching and landing proposed by Flight Safety Foundation is also listed. By applying crew resource management tool, the risk awareness of crews is raised to lower the flight accident rate and elevate the flight safety.