氯乙烯储罐的事故后果分析

Analysis of Accidental Consequence of Vinyl Chloride Tanker

氯乙烯具有毒性和易燃易爆性,如果泄漏至空气中,可能产生中毒或爆炸事故。笔者以某化工厂氯乙烯储罐为例,分析氯乙烯储罐可能发生的事故;对其主要事故危害,即中毒、蒸气云爆炸、扩展气体沸腾蒸气爆炸3种事故进行后果模型分析;计算出发生3种事故对人员伤亡和设备损坏造成的危害区域,并提出建议和对策。该研究结果可为同类企业进行安全管理提供科学依据和参考,有助于企业制定防范措施以及事故应急救援预案,从而减少人员伤亡及财产损失。

Vinyl chloride is a kind of important material in chemical engineering, and it is poisonous, inflammable and explosive. Once it leaks to the air, intoxication or explosion accident may happen. Taking the vinyl chloride tanks in a chemical plant as the example to analyze the potential hazards the tanks may cause. Sane mathematical models, such as poisoning accident, UVCE （unconfined vapor cloud explosion） and （boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion）, were used to describe the results that the hazards may lead to, so that it could provide sane scientific criteria to the similar companies, and help the companies to take measures to keep away from these dangers, and reduce the casualty and loss in the end.