从“不可说”到“诗意之说”——海德格尔与孔子论诗的纯思想性

From "Indescribability" to "Poetic Description"--Pure Thoughts of Heidegger and Confucius's Perspectives of Poetry

海德格尔与孔子都意识到终极真实无法被述谓式地表达,但他们都不认为这种“不可言”穷尽了语言的所有可能。对于他们,艺术、特别是诗,有一种原发的言说能力,或者说是开启真理和显示前述谓的含义的功能。本文先从分析哲学家对于海德格尔的看法讲起,以展示“语言的界限”在当代西方哲学中的不同含义。然后分别分析海德格尔与孔子如何从“终极不可被言”的认知进展到“诗为言之源头”的观点,其中特别着重“无”或“敞开处”对于海德格尔、“兴”对于孔子的关键意义。最后是两者的直接对比。

Heidegger and Confucius are aware that the final truth cannot be described, but they don＇t think language cannot express it. In their opinion, poetry has ability to speak the truth. This paper tells different meanings of ＂boundary of language＂ in the contemporary western philosophy, then analyzes the fact of how Heidegger and Confucius change their opinions from ＂indescribability＂ to ＂poetic description＂, of which ＂nothing＂ is significant to Heidegger as ＂affective image＂ to Confucius, and finally the comparisons between Heidegger and Confucius.