匍匐茎苗大小及处理日数对一季性草毒低温短日成花诱导的影响

INFLUENCE OF STOLON-DERIVED PLANT SIZE AND DURATION OF SHORT-DAY AND LOW NIGHT TEMPERATURE TREATMENT IN JUNE-BEARING STRAWBERRY

一季性草莓“丰香”，经过不同时期的低温（１０℃）短日（８ｈ）成花诱导，花芽分化时期均获不同程度的促进，但不同大小的匍匐茎苗对低温短日的感受性存在明显差异。短缩茎直径０．５ｃｍ以上的中、大苗处理７ｄ后花芽分化诱导成功率为６６．６７％，处理１４ｄ者诱导成功率达１００％。短缩茎直径０．５ｃｍ以下的小苗感受性明显低弱，处理７ｄ者诱导成功率仅１１．１１％，诱导成功率为１００％时，处理需２０ｄ以上。诱导一旦成功，小苗花期前移的幅度更大。在７～２１ｄ内，随着处理日数的增加，诱导成功率提高。处理后的镜检结果与处理后田间定植植株的开花趋势一致。一次性诱导对诱导成功植株第２花序的分化未产生影响。诱导成功植株第１花序内的含花数普遍减少。

The relationship between the crown diameter of stolon-derived plants and the sensitivity to flower bud induction was studied by exposing June-bearing strawberry cultivar 'TOYONOKA' to short day(8h)(SD)and low night temperature(10℃ )(low ℃ )for 0,7, 14 and 21 days. The flower bud differentiation was hastened in all treatments in varying.degrees, but the results were obviously different among the plants with different crown diameters. The percentages of plants showing successful flower bud induction after 7 and 14 days treatments were 66. 7% and 100% separately for the plants with crown diameter over 0. 5 cm, whereas the sensitivity of the plants with crown diameter below 0. 5 cm to SD/low℃ was obviously lower, the percentages of the plants showing successful induction was only 11. 11 % after 7-day treatment, only in the 21-day treatment the flower bud induction rate reached 100%. In case of successful flower bud induction the flowering period was more advanced forthe small plants than for the large ones. The percentages of plants showing successful flower bud induction increased with the extension of SD/low℃ treatment duration. The results obtained from the plants dissected and observed microscopicaly corresponded to the flowering trend of the first and second flower clusters on the plants transplanted in field after SD/low℃ treatment. The flowering periodof the second flower clusters was about the same on the plants showing successfulinduction as on the control plants or the plants showing unsuccessful induction,this indicated that the SD/low℃ treatment had effect on the first flower clusters bud didn' t on the second ones. We also found that the flower number of the first flower clusters on the plants showing successful induction was normally less than that on the control plants or the plants showing unsuccessful induction after treatment.