北京明清皇家三大殿之比较研究

Comparative study on three royal halls of Ming and Qing dynasties in Beijing

通过对明清故宫太和殿、长陵恩殿、太庙前殿三座皇家大殿的综合比较,发现外观极为相近的三座大殿在内部结构、外部空间布局和使用功能上有一定差异,但更深入的研究则揭示以每座大殿为主体的建筑组群布局有着确定的传承关系,同时它们的使用功能也通过皇族人员的物质和精神需求有机地联系在一起,而非彼此孤立。结论有助于人们深入和全面的了解明清皇家大型殿宇建筑的外在形式特征和文化内涵。

This paper presents an comparative study of the three royal grand halls in Beijing, Taihe hall in the Forbidden City, Ling＇ en hall in the Ming Tomb, and Front hall in the imperial Ancestral Temple. As the results revealing, although the three halls with similar facades have different interior structure, exterior spacial layout, and fuctions, they still have internal relations. First, their external layouts have an certain successive relation; second, their fuctions reflect a series of correlative spiritual demands of the royal family. This comprehensive analysis helps people to get a deeper understanding of both the external form characters and cultural meanings of the royal hall in Ming and Qing dynasties.