强力与绥怀:辽宋民族政策比较研究

Strong Power vs.Cherishing:A Comparative Study of Policies towards Nationalities of the Liao and Song Dynasties

辽宋都继承了唐朝在民族地区设置羁縻府州的政策,奉行因俗而治的方针,在边疆民族地区设立了具有民族特点的行政建置。比较而言,宋对少数民族的统辖不如辽紧密。辽宋民族政策的差异,主要是因为辽契丹统治集团与宋汉族统治集团的政治理念不同,前者重在强力统治,以获取直接的经济利益和兵力的补充为目的;后者则重在绥怀,以寻求民族地区的稳定为目的,不惜以钱、物的赏赐来赢得少数民族的臣服。辽宋这两种不同的民族政策,对以后的各王朝都具有相当影响。

Both the Liao and Song dynasties carry on the Tang policy toward the nationalities of establishing the Jimi division in the minority nationality region and pursuing the principle of administrating according to different customs. The Liao dynasty establishes six types of administrative divisions toward the nationalities in the Northeast area, and the Song dynasty set up two types of administrative divisions toward the nationalities in the minority nationality region. Comparatively speaking, the domination to the minority nationality of the Song dynasty is not as tight as that of the Liao dynasty. The difference mainly depends on the different political ideas of the two ruling groups. The Liao dynasty emphasizes powerful rule, aiming at the economic profit and supplement of military strength, and the Song dynasty adopts the peaceful policy, pursuing the stability of the minority nationality region and the allegiance of the minority nationalities by rewards. These two kinds of policies both have strong impact on latter dynasties.