论口供获取与人权保障

Acquisition of Oral Confession and Protection of Human Rights

任意性和真实性是口供的两个基本特征。基于对控制犯罪与保障人权的诉讼价值的诉求和对口供特征的尊重,既要首肯侦查人员获取口供的权力,又要通过限制“权力”或扩张“权利”,寻求刑事诉讼双重价值的平衡。口供作为追诉犯罪的重要裁判证据,在侦查程序中的获取具有社会安全秩序意义上的该当性,但考虑到口供获取过程的特殊性,遵循正当程序的要求,则当对口供获取的原则、方式、时间、地点、程序等予以全面规制。在法治的视野下,沉默权是讯问制度中犯罪嫌疑人应当享有的重要权利,辩诉交易则又是犯罪嫌疑人打破沉默、自愿供述的激励机制。一套完整的侦查程序中口供获取与人权保护的法制体系,有待于我们在刑事诉讼法之再修改时予以构建。

Arbitrariness and truthfulness are two basic characteristics of oral confession. Due to the plea for the lawsuit value of controlling crimes and protecting human rights and respect for the characteristics of oral confession, we should not only affirm the right of acquiring oral confession for investigation personnel but also seek for a balance between the double values of criminal action by limiting or expanding the ＂right＂. Oral confession as the important evidence to sue criminals is justifiable to social security in the acquisition but as regard to the special process of the acquisition, the principle, way, time, place and the procedure of the acquisition should be regulated and follow appropriate procedures. Right to silence is an important right that criminal suspects should enjoy while plea bargaining is a stimCating mechanism for the suspects to break the silence and confess voluntarily. A complete legal system of acquiring oral confession and protecting human rights in the procedure of investigation will be built during the revision of criminal procedure law.