护士胜任特征的概念和成分分析

Concept and elements of nurse competency

目的界定护士胜任特征的概念和成分,进而为选拔和培训出未来业绩优秀护士.方法运用技术性文献分析、开放性译码、主轴译码等质性理论研究方法,结合问卷调查和相关分析等量性研究手段,以及行为事件访谈技术对护士胜任特征概念和成分进行了研究.结果①护士胜任特征是以心理条件为基础的,受护士职业环境的影响,通过个体对外在事物的内化,在护士职业活动中表现出来的具有区别绩效优秀与一般护士的潜在的、发展的、持久的综合特征,包含有3个维度,16个成分.②优秀组与普通组在访谈字数的长度上无明显差异(P>0.05),大多数胜任特征编码的频次与访谈长度不相关,说明编码指标采用胜任特征频数分析有较好稳定性,胜任特征归类一致性系数为80.05%,说明胜任特征评价法的编码者一致性相当高,所用的胜任特征编码程序的客观性、操作性是较高的.结论培养优秀护士应将能力培养、品格塑造、心理动力激发以及行为表现的引导统一起来全面实施.

AIM： To explore the concept and elements of the nurse competency for guiding the selection and training of excellent nurses. METHODS： The concept and elements of nurse competency were studied through grounded theory methods （technical literature, open coding , axial ceding） and quantitative meth （ inventory investigation and correlate analysis, etc） and behavior event interview（BEI） etc. RESULTS ： ① Competency of nurses refers to the latent, developing and lasting comprehensive characteristics distinguishing the outstanding nurses from average nurses, which are shaped on the basis of mental condition and by internalizing the acquired ideas and experiences and displayed in vocational behaviors of nurses. It includes 3 dimensions （ 16 elements） ： Ability, character and motive dimensions. ② No significant difference was found in the protocol length beween outstanding and average nurses （ P 〉 0.05 ）. The frequencies in coding of most competencies were not correlated to the protocol length, indicating that using frequency in coding was more suitable; category agreement （CA） was 80.05%, Which showed that the two coders＇ ceding were consistent. CONCLUSION： Cultivation of nurses should focus on the comprehensive training with regard to ability, personality, mental motivation and behavior leading.