花叶海棠表型性状变异的研究

Research on Phenotypic Variation in Malus transitoria

在四川省炉霍县和道孚县鲜水河流域调查了花叶海棠6个居群共60个单株,分析比较了树叶和果实的主要营养成分,运用变异系数、方差分析、表型分化系数研究了10个表型性状的变异。结果表明:花叶海棠地径、树高、冠高、冠幅、结实量的居群内方差分量>80％．居群间差异的影响<20％。果实的纵径、横径、重量、果色、果形的变异也主要是由居群内差异引起的,居群间表型分化系数反映果色是以居群间变异占相对优势,纵径在居群间的变异略高于居群内的变异,而横径、果重和果形都是以居群内变异为主。果实维C含量的居群间差异很大,变异系数高达69．04。探讨了花叶海棠的遗传改良策略和资源利用途径。

Totally 60 individuals from 6 populations of Malus transitoria were investigated in Luhuo and Daofu parts of Xianshui River basin in Sichuan Province, China. The nutrition components of leaves and fruits were analyzed. Variation coefficient, variance analysis and phenotypic differentiation coefficient were used to explore variations of 10 phenotypic traits studied. For diameter at ground level, height, crown diameter, crown height and fruit production, variance portions within a population and among populations were greater than 80% and less than 20%, respectively. For 5 fruit traits, a significant variation of fruit color was found existing among populations based on the results of phenotypic differentiation coefficients （VST = 69,70%）, and the variation of the longitudinal diameter among populations was a little bigger than that within a population （VST = 51.36 % ）, whereas the variations of these traits like the horizontal diameter, the weight and the shape were found existing mainly within populations （VST = 21.51%, 26.85% and 30.57%, respectively）. A great difference in content of Vitamin C was also found existing among populations with a variation coefficient of 69.04. The prospect about the genetic improvement and exploitation of Malus transitoria as an indigenous species was discussed.