桉树害虫的生态控制

Ecological Control on Insect Pests of Eucalyptus

我国桉树主要用作纸浆材,随着桉树纯林面积的不断扩大,害虫种类与危害程度也呈上升趋势,为此必须以生态学原理和害虫生态控制理论来指导桉树害虫的控制。森林害虫生态控制的主要内涵是建立健康的生态系统,我们对桉树害虫的生态控制采取了选育抗虫树种、适地适树和科学施肥等措施,培育了健康的林分,已经成功地控制了某些害虫对桉树的危害,此举具有经济、社会和生态效益,可持续控制桉树害虫的危害,是今后的发展方向。桉树地下害虫是一类特殊的害虫群体,在造林初期的危害比较严重,此时应针对不同的害虫选用不同的化学药剂来控制其种群密度,施药时要考虑减轻化学药剂对生态环境的不利影响,应采用毒饵诱杀、根部施药等方式。

In China, Eucalyptus plantations are intensively managed for commercial uses. It appeared that the variety of insect pests and their damage degree to the eucalyptus were increasing with the expansion of the pure eucalyptus plantations. The control of these pests should follow the principal of ecological control. The meaning of ecological control of forest pests is to establish a healthy forest ecosystem. The application of this basic theory in the ecological control of insect pests of eucalyptus plantation could gain better socio-economic and ecological benefits. It could successfully control the pest damage on eucalyptus and promote the development of eucalyptus plantation industry. The hypogeal insect pests of eucalyptus are a group of special insect pests, having made serious damages to the young plantation. To solve the problem, it is necessary to use chemicals to control the population of those insect pests. The selection of chemicals and the methods of chemical application must be appropriate so as to lighten and minimize the negative impacts of chemicals on the ecological environment.