浑善达克沙地防沙治沙综合治理模式及效益评价——以多伦县为例

Integrated Desert Control Pattern in Hunshandaka Sand Land and Its Benefit Evaluation——A Case Study of Duolun County

多伦县位于浑善达克沙地东南部，生态环境非常脆弱，研究示范区通过实施沙地植被恢复与保育技术、流动沙丘地膜固沙和灌木造林综合治沙技术、窄行多带式防风固沙林综合营造与经营技术、草地天然植被保护及现代草地畜牧业高效经营技术，形成了农牧交错区具有特色的沙地治理和生态农牧业可持续发展模式，并取得了显著的生态、社会和经济效益。通过综合治理，示范区植被覆盖度增加33％，地表粗糙度增加183％～246％，土壤风蚀减少90％以上，风季1．5m高处空气含尘量降低56．3％～80．1％，空气湿度增加2．4％～9．1％，土壤有机质和养分增加了37％～97％，产鲜草量由原来的4500kg·hm^-2提高到27000kg·hm^-2，实现了生态和经济效益双赢的目标。

The ecoenvironment in Duolun County located in the south-east part of Hunshandake Sand is very frangible, Many kinds of sand-desert control patterns such as vegetation recovery and tending technique on sand area, shrub afforestation with the protection membrane technique on the flowing dune, sand-fixation forest of multi-strips with narrow row pattern construction and management technique, and natural vegetation protection in grass-land and high-effect management technique of stockbreeding were implemented in this research and demonstration area. The typical pattern of sand-desert control and ecological farming sustainable development were built and remarkably comprehensive benefits were gained. After comprehensive control, vegetation cover-degree was increased by 33%, the rough degree of ground was increased by 183%～246% , soil drifting was reduced by over 90% , minuteness sand grain content in the air was fell off by 56%～80% above 1.5 m, the air humidity increased by 2.4%～9.1%, soil organic and nutritious substance increased by 37%～97%, fresh grass output increased from original 4 500 to 27 000 kg·hm^-2, and the target of improving both the ecological benefit and economic benefit was realized in this research and demonstration area.