竞技体育心理干预理论模式、方法与应用

Model,Method and Application of Psychological Intervention in Competitive Sports

通过文献资料法,对竞技体育领域的心理干预问题进行了综述,并阐明每种心理干预模式在具体问题上的应用。研究结果发现,目前,针对运动员、教练员和运动心理学家共有9种心理干预模式,即终身发展模式、儿童教育模式、多系统模式、家庭系统模式、整合组织模式、发展心理模式、婚姻治疗模式、社会教育模式和认知行为模式。并在运动损伤、酒精依赖与药物滥用、饮食失调与体重控制、运动员退役和过度训练与心理耗竭等问题上提出了具体的心理干预方法。这些心理干预措施在训练和比赛过程中,对运动员心理问题的预防有实际的意义。

By using the method of documentary, the paper summarizes the psychological intervention model, method and application in competitive sports. It puts forward 9 kinds of psychological intervention models for athletes, coaches and psychologists as follows： models of life -span development, children＇s education, multi -system, family system, integrated organization, development psychology, marital therapy, social education and cognitive behavior model. The paper illustrates comcrete methods of psychological intervention on sports injury, alcoholic dependent and abused drug, unbalanced diet and weight control, retirement of athletes, overtraining and psychology exhaustion, etc. These measurements have practical significance on preventing phychological matters of athletes during the process of training and competition.