法律适用中的类比推理

Reasoning from Analogy in Law Application

类比推理是法律推理的重要形式,它不仅涉及到逻辑问题,而且涉及到心理学问题。类比推理具有超越法系的穿透力,在大陆法系、英美法系以及中华法系的法律适用中都非常重要。一方面,类比推理满足了人们追求“相同案件相同处理”的法治原则的需要,是实现“实质法治”的“第二好的方法”;另一方面,由于类比推理缺乏一个足够科学的、客观的理论基础,过度地依赖于直觉,因此,也存在一定的缺陷。法律中适用类比推理的关键是寻找到相类比事物之间的相似性,相似性的问题不是一个简单的逻辑问题,而是一个“合目的性”的问题。

The reasoning from analogy is an important form of law inference involving logical and psychological problems. The reasoning from analogy has a penetrating power to surpass law system, and it is very important in the law applications of mainland, British - America and China law systems. The reasoning from analogy satisfies the need of people pursuing the law ruling principle of same dealing with the same case, and it is the second good way to realize essential law ruling; on the other hand, it has a certain shortcoming because of lacking of a sufficient scientific and objective theory basis and excessive depending on sense. The key of reasoning from analogy in law application is to find out similarity between the similar things, similarity is not a simple logical but a purpose - corresponding problem.