铁道客车系统的垂向减振分析

Analysis of Vertical Vibration Reduction for Railway Vehicle Systems

建立铁道客车垂向振动系统数学模型,计算客车系统幅频特性曲线,根据曲线峰点来确定系统自振频率,给出客车系统自振频率计算的简单近似解析方法和精确数值方法。提出客车系统各刚体振型共振速度的概念和计算公式,得出共振速度只与系统本身的自振频率和结构参数如车辆定距和转向架固定轴距有关。对客车系统在有无动力吸振器情况下的简谐和随机振动进行分析,认为采用吸振器确实能够在一定程度上抑制车体某些频率成分的振动,适当增大吸振器质量、刚度和阻尼,可以达到较好的减振效果。

The mathematical model of vertical vibration system for railway passenger car is set up. The natural frequencies of vehicle system are determined by the method of calculating the amplitude-frequency characteristic curves of vehicle system. Meanwhile, the simplified analytic method and exact numerical method for calculating the natural frequencies of the system are given. The concept of resonant speed for vehicle rigid mode vibration and the calculation formulae are introduced. The resonant speeds are only related to the system natural frequencies and structure parameters such as the bogie center distance or wheelbase. The harmonic and random vibration analyses of vehicle system with or without dynamic vibration absorber are carried out. It is known that the vibrations of car body at a certain frequency band can be really reduced, and better vibration reduction effect can be achieved by reasonably increasing the mass, stiffness and damping values of the absorber.